Challenges and perspectives on tackling illegal or unsustainable wildlife trade
Fukushima, C., et al …R. Duffy.. P. Cardoso (2021) Challenges and perspectives on tackling illegal or unsustainable wildlife trade Biological Conservation 263
Further Reading
Online BIOSEC research archive: papers, seminars, reports, books and blogs, plus links to other useful resources.
Articles
Academic journal articles and publications
Iordachescu, G. (2021) ‘Becoming a Virgin Forest: From Remote Sensing to Erasing Environmental History.‘ Arcadia, no 10
Duffy, R. (2022) ‘Crime, Security, and Illegal Wildlife Trade: Political Ecologies of International Conservation.’ Global Environmental Politics
O’Lear, S., F. Massé, H. Dickinson and R.Duffy, (2022) Disastermaking in the Caplitalocene Global Environmental Politics
Bersaglio, B. and J.Margulies (2021) ‘Extinctionscapes: Spatializing the commodification of animal lives and afterlives in conservation landscapes.’ Social and Cultural Geography.
Massé, F., E. Lunstrum & N. Givà (2021) A feminist political ecology of wildlife crime: The gendered dimensions of a poaching economy and its impacts in Southern Africa, Geoforum 126: 205-214
Vasile, Monica and George Iordachescu (2022) Forest crisis narratives. Illegal logging, datafication and the conservation frontier in the Romanian Carpathian Mountains.Political Geography 96:102600
Iordachescu. G. (2021) ‘The shifting geopolitical ecologies of wild nature conservation in Romania‘ in E. Krasznai Kovács (ed) Politics and the Environment in Eastern Europe (Open Book Publishing)
Margulies, J. (2020). Korean ‘Housewives’ and ‘Hipsters’ Are Not Driving a New Illicit Plant Trade: Complicating Consumer Motivations Behind an Emergent Wildlife Trade in Dudleya farinosa.’ Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 23.10.2020
Massé, F. (2022) Police Power in Green: Furthering Political Ecologies of the State. Political Geography
Duffy, R. V. & Brockington, D., (2022) Political ecology of security: tackling the illegal wildlife trade, Journal of Political Ecology 29(1), p.21-35. doi: https://doi.org/10.2458/jpe.2201
Kashwan, P., R. Duffy, E. Marijnen, A. Asiyanbi and F. Massé (2021) From Racialized Neocolonial Global Conservation to an Inclusive and Regenerative Conservation, Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 63:4, 4-19, DOI: 10.1080/00139157.2021.1924574.
Kuiper, T., F. Massé, N. Ngwenya, B. Kavhu, R. Mandisodza-Chikerema and EJ Milner-Gulland (2020). ‘Ranger perceptions of, and engagement with, monitoring of elephant poaching.’ People and Nature 20.10.2020
Lunstrum, E., Givá, N., Massé, F., Mate, F., & Jose, P. L. (2021). The rhino horn trade and radical inequality as environmental conflict. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 1-21.
R. Duffy and F. Massé (2021) The Integration of Conservation and Security: Political Ecologies of Violence and the Illegal Wildlife Trade in Jeannie Sowers, Stacy D. VanDeveer, and Erika Weinthal (eds) Comparative Environmental Politics (Oxford University Press)
Duffy, R. and F. Massé (2021) The Integration of Conservation and Security: Political Ecologies of Violence and the Illegal Wildlife Trade in Oxford Handbook of Comparative Environmental Politics, Edited by Jeannie Sowers, Stacy D. VanDeveer, and Erika Weinthal
E. Lunstrum, E., Givá, N., Massé, F., Mate, F., & Jose, P. L. (2021). The rhino horn trade and radical inequality as environmental conflict. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 1-21.
Margulies, J., Wong, R., Duffy, R. (2020). ‘Understanding drivers of demand, researching consumption of illegal wildlife products: A reply to Bergin et al.’ Geoforum, 15.08.2020.
Marijnen, E., De Vries, L., Duffy, R. (2020). ‘Conservation in violent environments: Introduction to a special issue on the political ecology of conservation amidst violent conflict’. Political Geography, Special Issue, 29/07/2020.
Massé, F., and Margulies, J. (2020). ‘The geopolitical ecology of conservation: The emergence of illegal wildlife trade as national security interest and the re-shaping on US foreign conservation assistance’. World Development. Vol 132. 08.04.2020
Massé, F., Dickinson, H., Margulies, J., Joanny, L., Lappe-Osthege, T., Duffy, R. (2020) Conservation and crime convergence? Situating the 2018 London Illegal Wildlife Trade Conference. Journal of Political Ecology. 22.01.2020
Margulies, J., Wong, R., Duffy, R. (2019) “The imaginary ‘Asian Super Consumer’: A critique of demand reduction campaigns for the illegal wildlife trade“. Geoforum. 17.10.2019
Vu, A (2019). ‘NGO-led activism under authoritarian rule of Vietnam: Between cooperation and contestation’. Community Development. 28.08.2019
Massé, F (2019) ‘Conservation Law Enforcement: Policing Protected Areas‘ Annals of the American Association of Geographers. 26.08.2019
Gore, M.L., Braszak, P., Brown, J., Cassey, P., Duffy, R., Fisher, J.,Graham, J., Justo-Hanani, R., Kirkwood, A.E., Lunstrum, E., Machalaba, C., Massé, F., Manguiat, M., Omrow, D., Stoett, P., Wyatt, T., & White, R. (2019) ‘Transnational environmental crime threatens sustainable development‘ Nature Sustainability. 12.08.2019
Margulies, J. et al (2019) ‘Illegal wildlife trade and the persistence of “plant blindness” Plants People Planet. 12.07.2019
Margulies, J. (2019) ‘On coming into animal presence with photovoice‘ Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space. 30.05.2019
Bezan, S. (2019). ‘The Endling Taxidermy of Lonesome George: Iconographies of Extinction at the End of the Line’. Configurations: A Journal of Literature, Science, and Technology. vol. 27, No. 2, April 2019, pp. 211-238. Co-edited by Sarah Bezan and Susan McHugh, Johns Hopkins University Press.
Margulies, J. (2019) Making the ‘man-eater’: Tiger conservation as necropolitics. Political Geography. March 2019
Duffy, R., Massé, F., Smidt, E., Marijnen, E., Büscher, B., Verweijen, J., Ramutsindela, M., Simlaie, T., Joanny, L., Lunstrum, E. (2019) Why we must question the militarisation of conservation. Biological Conservation 05.02.2019.
Brockington, D., Adams, W.M., Agarwal, B., Agrawal, A., Büscher, B., Chhatre, A., Duffy, R., Fletcher, R., Oldekop, J. A. Science. Vol. 362, Issue 6420. 17.12.2018 (Letters)
Massé, F. (2018). ‘Topographies of security and the multiple spatialities of (conservation) power: Verticality, surveillance, and space-time compression in the bush‘ Political Geography, 16.10.2018.
Massé, F. (2018). Anti-poaching’s politics of (in)visibility: Representing nature and conservation amidst a poaching crisis. Geoforum, 13.10.2018.
LeBillon, P., and Duffy, R. (2018). ‘Conflict ecologies: connecting political ecology and peace & conflict studies’, Journal of Political Ecology, 31.07.2018.
Margulies, J., and Karanth, K. K. (2018). ‘The Production of human-wildlife conflict: A political animal geography of encounter’, Geoforum, 13.06.2018.
Margulies, J. 2018. ‘The Conservation Ideological State Apparatus’, Conservation & Society Special Issue: Political Ecologies of Green Wars, 11.04.2018
Margulies, J. and Bersaglio, B. 2018. ‘Furthering post-human political ecologies’, Geoforum, 17.03.2018.
Massé, F., Lunstrum, E., & Holterman, D. 2017. ‘Linking Green Militarization and Critical Military Studies’. Critical Military Studies, 19.12.2017
Massé, F., Gardiner, A., Lubilo, R., & Themba, M. 2017. ‘Inclusive Anti-poaching? Exploring the Potential and Challenges of Community-based Anti-Poaching.’ South Africa Crime Quarterly, 60, 19-27. 23.06.2017.
Duffy, R., 2016, ‘War, by Conservation’ Geoforum. 09.10.2015, pp. 238-248.
Massé, F., & Lunstrum, E. 2015. ‘Accumulation by securitization: Commercial poaching, neoliberal conservation, and the creation of new wildlife frontiers.’ Geoforum, 69, 227-237. 24.03.2015.
Duffy, R., F.A.V. St John, B. Buscher and D. Brockington, 2015. ‘Towards a new understanding of the links between poverty and illegal wildlife hunting’. Conservation Biology, 30(1). Pp. 14-22.
Duffy, R., F.A.V. St John, B. Buscher and D. Brockington, 2015. ‘The militarization of anti-poaching: undermining long term goals’. Environmental Conservation, 42(4): 345–348.
Duffy, R., 2014. ‘Waging a Waging a War to Save Biodiversity: The Rise of Militarised Conservation’. International Affairs, 90 (4). pp. 819-834.
Humle, T., Duffy. R et al, 2014, Science. Vol 344, no. 6190, p.1351 (Letters).
Read the article
Blogs & Media
Articles published in blogs, newspapers and magazines
Duffy, R. Dickinson, H. Joanny, L. Massé, F. Margulies, J. Lappe-Osthege, T. Iordăchescu, G. Vu, N. Filmed by Picture Story Productions, animations by Eleven Sheffield. 2020.
BIOSEC project featured in EU CORDIS magazine special feature ‘BIOSEC questions security-inspired conservation strategies’. Issue 92, May 2020.
Duffy, R. Quoted in Le Monde article by Joan Tilouine ‘Au cœur de l’Afrique, la guerre au nom de la nature’. 08.05.2020.
Massé, F., and Margulies, J. Featured in PNAS Journal Club blog ‘Trends in conservation funding track popular narratives about the illegal wildlife trade’. 01.05.2020.
Duffy, R. Quoted in Politico article by Eddy Wax ‘Coronavirus fuels calls to clamp down on EU wildlife trade’. 13.04.2020.
Iordăchescu, G., Joanny, L., & Hsiao, E. Podcast and blog for ICCA Consortium – Community conservation in Romania and Rwanda. 18.03.2020.
Iordăchescu, G. Quoted in report on Radio Télévision Belge Francophone regarding illegal logging and current infringement procedure. 29.02.2020
Margulies, J. Quoted in an article by Laure Andrillon ‘Le Cartel Des Succulentes’. Geo, Issue 109. 02.2020.
Margulies, J. 2019. ‘Can learning to care for plants help save them from extinction?’ Cactus World, Vol 37(4).
Duffy, R. 2019. Quoted in article by Tom Warren, Buzzfeed News: ‘WWF Funds Guards Who Have Tortured And Killed People’, 04.03.2019.
Masse, F. 2019. ‘The Politics of Anti-Poaching‘. A ‘Knowing Animals’ podcast with Dr Siobhan O’Sullivan 04.02.2019
Lappe Osthege, T. 2019. Endangered British birds to be killed under permits – here’s how that could fuel an illegal pan-European trade. The Conversation 25.01.2019
Duffy, R. 2018. Quoted in article by Rachael Bale in National Geographic: ‘Hunters target endangered pangolins in India’, 06.12.2018.
Margulies, J. 2018. ‘Human-Wildlife Conflict’. A ‘Knowing Animals’ podcast with Dr Siobhan O’Sullivan 05.11.2018
Duffy, R. 2018. ‘War, By Conservation‘. A ‘Knowing Animals’ podcast with Dr Siobhan O’Sullivan 22.10.2018
Masse, F. 2018. Featured in BBC Newsbeat documentary ‘The Poacher Hunters’. BBC, 15.08.2018.
Dickinson, H. 2018. ‘Volgograd: how a dam on the mighty Volga almost killed off the caviar fish’. The Conversation, 17.06.2018.
Massé, F. 2018. Enforcement First: International Assistance to Combat Wildlife Crime. Italian Institute for International Political Studies Dossier on Africa’s Ivory Trade: When Wildlife Meets Geopolitics. 09.06.2018.
Dickinson, H. 2018. Quoted in article by Bob Berwyn: ‘Poaching, dams imperil ancient Danube fish’. dw.com, 24.05.2018.
Masse, F. 2018. ‘Kenya’s Death Penalty for Poachers has Stirred a Hornet’s Nest’. The Conversation, 22.05.2018.
Masse, F. 2018. ‘Conservation Uncut: The Dark Side of Conservation?’. gianlucacerullo.com, 13.05.2018.
Marijnen, E., and Duffy, R. 2018. ‘Animals are victims of human conflict, so can conservation help build peace in warzones?’. The Conversation, 16.01.2018.
Masse, F., quoted in article by Story Hinckley. 2017. ‘From ISIS to elephants: the tale of a unique anti-poaching force’. The Christian Science Monitor, 23.10.2017.
Duffy, R. 2017. ‘Questioning militarization is essential for successful and socially just conservation’. Mongabay, 16.10.2017.
Duffy, R. 2017. ‘Can Britain make an ivory ban work? Only if it learns from America’s experience’. The Conversation, 09.10.2017.
Masse, F. 2017. ‘Community participation is needed for more effective anti-poaching’. The Conversation, 29.08.2017
Duffy, R. 2017. ‘We need to talk about the militarisation of conservation’. Green European Journal, 20.07.2017.
Duffy, R., Dickinson, H., and Joanny, L. 2017. ‘Foreign ‘conservation armies’ in Africa may be doing more harm than good. ‘The Conversation, 12.07.17.
Duffy, R. 2016, ‘Is Wildlife trafficking a threat to global security?’. SIID 16.11.16
Duffy, R., 2015. ‘War by Conservation’. Just Conservation. 25.09.15
Duffy, R. 2015. ‘The EU should promote a demand reduction approach to tackling the global ivory trade’. LSE Europe Politics and Policy. 09.04.15.
Duffy, R. 2014, ‘Forget the War for Biodiversity, its Just War’. Just Conservation 14.07.14
Duffy, R. 2014, ‘Are We Hearing a Call to Arms From Conservationists’. Just Conservation 18.02.14
Duffy, R., 2013, ‘Lion hunt quotas could be good for animals but bad for humans’. The Conversation, 16.12.13
Duffy, R. and D. Brockington, 2013, ‘Tigers, elephants ask: what have the royals ever done for us?’. The Conversation 29.10.13
Duffy, R., 2010, ‘Your Role in the Wildlife Crime’. New Scientist 11.09.10
Books
Authored, co-authored or edited books
Bezan, S. Duffy, R. Dickinson, H. Joanny, L. Massé, F. Margulies, J. Lappe-Osthege, T. Iordăchescu, G. Vu, N. 2020.
Duffy, R. (2022) Conservation and Security: The Politics of the Illegal Wildlife Trade (Yale University Press)
Duffy. R., 2010, Nature Crime: How We’re Getting Conservation Wrong . New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press.
Brockington, D. and R. Duffy (eds), 2010. Capitalism and Conservation. Blackwells, Antipode Book Series.
Brockington, D., R. Duffy and J. Igoe, 2008. Nature Unbound: Conservation, Capitalism and the Future of Protected Areas. London: Earthscan.
Papers & Talks
Keynotes, presentations and abstracts
Iordăchescu, G. 2020. Paper given at FLARE 2020 conference, Twitter. 29 Oct 2020.
Iordăchescu, G. 2020. Paper given at Anthropology of Crime and Criminalisation Conference, online. 7-9 Oct 2020.
Virtual conference, 22-25 September 2020.
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Plenary/ Keynotes
‘Conservation Futures’ – BIOSEC plenary. Rosaleen Duffy and George Iordăchescu – chairs. Watch it here.
‘Geopolitical Ecologies of EU Biodiversity strategies’. Hannah Dickinson – keynote.
‘Critical insights from Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT) demand-side interventions’. Anh Vu – keynote.
Panels/ Sessions
Political Ecologies of the Illicit’. Francis Massé – chair. Jared Margulies – panellist.
‘Reframing legality and power in the contested terrain of wildlife trade governance’. George Iordăchescu and Hannah Dickinson – chairs.
‘Environmental Peacebuilding in a changing climate: ‘Greenwashing’ sustainability or building environmentally and socially just peace?’. Teresa Lappe-Osthege – chair.
‘Deconstructing the fluidity in ranger-poacher binaries: Quotidian hierarchies of power, surveillance and technology’. Francis Massé – panellist.
Papers
Regulating illegal caviar trade in the European Union: Contested expressions of legality and power’. Hannah Dickinson.
‘Making a case for convivial conservation in Europe – lessons from other radical conservation proposals’. George Iordăchescu
‘Reconsidering the (il)legality of logging and timber trade and the protection of old-growth forests in the EU’. George Iordăchescu
‘Future sustainability built on present injustice? A critical engagement with the concept of environmental peacebuilding’. Teresa Lappe-Osthege.
Duffy, R. 2020. As part of discussion panel at Pelicam International Film Festival. Romania/online, 18 July 2020.
Vu, N. 2020. Paper given at DSA conference. 19 June 2020.
Vu, A. 2020. Presentation given at ‘Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Vietnamese Civil Society Organisations – Opportunities and Challenges’ conference. 7 May 2020.
Iordăchescu, G. 2020. Talk given at Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. 28 April 2020.
Duffy, R. 2020. Presentation given via Zoom at the workshop ‘Addressing Wildlife Crimes in Conflict Zones Through Non-Violent & Community Consultation’. Kigali, Rwanda. 12-13 March 2020.
Duffy, R. 2020. Talk given at ATREE, Bangalore. 2 March 2020.
Dickinson, H., and Lappe-Osthege, T. 2020. Knowledge Exchange Roundtable in the European Parliament, Brussels. 22 Jan 2020.
Duffy, R. 2019. Abstract from Debating Development: The role of the private sector in sustainable development in Antwerp 12 November 2019
Duffy, R. 2019. Abstract from the ICTA-UAB / SIID Workshop “Conservation, Climate Change And Decolonisation – Exploring New Frontiers In Conservation Social Science” in Barcelona 30 October 2019.
Lappe-Osthege, T. 2019. Abstract from the International Conference on Environmental Peacebuilding 24 October 2019
Joanny, L. 2019. Abstract from paper given at 2019 RGS-IBG Annual International Conference, London, 30 Aug 2019.
Joanny, L. 2019. Abstract from the International Congress for Conservation Biology 23 July 2019
Duffy, R. 2019. Abstract from the Political Ecology Network workshop in Sheffield, 19 June 2019.
Margulies, J. 2019. Abstract from the Political Ecology Network workshop in Sheffield, 19 June 2019.
Masse, F. 2019. Talk given at Northumbria University 15 May 2019.
Bersaglio, B & Margulies, J. 2019. Abstract from paper given at Animal Remains conference, Sheffield 29-30 April 2019.
Margulies, J. 2019. Abstract from paper given at AAG 2019 conference, Washington DC, 3-7 April 2019.
Masse, F. 2019. Abstract from paper given at AAG 2019 conference, Washington DC, 3-7 April 2019.
Dickinson, Hannah. 2019. Abstract from paper given at AAG 2019 conference, Washington DC, 3-7 April 2019.
Lappe-Osthege, T. 2019. Roundtable at the International Studies Association annual convention 28 March 2019.
Dickinson, H. 2019. Abstract from paper given at the Conservation Geopolitics forum 20-22 March 2019.
Masse, F. and Margulies, J. 2019. Abstract from paper given at the Conservation Geopolitics forum 20-22 March 2019.
Read the abstract
Duffy, R. 2019. Plenary at the Conservation Geopolitics forum 20-22 March 2019.
Duffy, R. 2019. Abstract from talk given at The University of Barcelona, 4 March 2019
Duffy, R. 2019. Abstract from talk given at The University of Leeds, 13 February 2019
Duffy, R. 2018. Presentation slides from talk given at Bristol University, 23 October 2018
Margulies, J. 2018. Abstract from paper given at 2018 RGS-IBG Annual International Conference, Cardiff, 31 Aug 2018.
Dickinson, H. 2018. Abstract from paper given at 2018 RGS-IBG Annual International Conference, Cardiff, 30 Aug 2018.
Massé, F. 2018. Keynote given at the Environmental Crime and Security Conference, Sarajevo, 28 Aug 2018.
Duffy, R. 2018. Presentation to the Centre of Excellence in Environmental Decisions (CEED), Brisbane, 24 Jul 2018.
Duffy, R. 2018. Abstract from paper given at IPSA World Congress, Brisbane, 21-26 Jul 2018.
Duffy, R. (2018). Presentation slides from paper given at POLLEN18: Political Ecology, the Green Economy, and Alternative Sustainabilities, Oslo, 20-22 Jun 2018.
Dickinson, H. 2018. Abstract from paper given at POLLEN18: Political Ecology, the Green Economy, and Alternative Sustainabilities, Oslo, 20-22 Jun 2018.
Lappe-Osthege, T. 2018. Abstract from paper given at POLLEN18: Political Ecology, the Green Economy, and Alternative Sustainabilities, Oslo, 20-22 Jun 2018.
Masse, F. 2018. Abstract from paper given at POLLEN18: Political Ecology, the Green Economy, and Alternative Sustainabilities, Oslo, 20-22 Jun 2018.
Bersaglio, B. 2018. Abstract from paper given at POLLEN18: Political Ecology, the Green Economy, and Alternative Sustainabilities, Oslo, 20-22 Jun 2018.
Dickinson, H. 2018. Presentation to Fauna & Flora International, Cambridge. 7 Jun 2018.
Lappe-Osthege, T. 2018. Presentation to Fauna & Flora International, Cambridge. 7 Jun 2018.
Masse, F., and Duffy, R. 2018. Seminar at FFI/CCI, Cambridge. 7 Jun 2018.
Massé, F. 2018. Discussion panel at the European Youth Event, Strasbourg, 1 June 2018.
Margulies, J. 2018. Abstract from paper given at ‘Social difference and nature: Contesting Narratives of Elitism’ conference, Edinburgh, 31 May -1 June 2018.
Masse, F..2018. Abstract from paper given at AAG 2018 conference, New Orleans, 10-14 April 2018.
Margulies, J. 2018. Abstract from paper given at AAG 2018 conference, New Orleans, 10-14 April 2018.
Dickinson, H. 2018. Abstract from paper given at RGS Midterm conference, Royal Holloway, April 2018
Lappe-Osthege, T. Abstract from paper given at the Adriatic Flyway Conference, Serbia. 19-23 Mar 2018.
Duffy, R. Video address for ‘Conservation Enforcement in Nepal: Exploring enforcement-based responses to wildlife trade’ event, Nepal. 10 Jan 2018.
Duffy, R. Presentation slides from Departmental Seminar, Dept. of Politics, University of Sheffield. 18 Oct 2017.
Duffy, R., Joanny, L., and Dickinson, H. Presentation slides from the first BIOSEC Knowledge Exchange workshop at Oxford Martin School Illegal Wildlife Trade Symposium. 26 Sep 2017.
Duffy, R. Talk delivered at BISA Conference. 15 June 2017.
Duffy, R. Talk on the ivory trade to mark the opening of Stories from the East: The Grice Ivories exhibition at Weston Park Museum. 18 May 2017
Duffy. R. Talk for Human Geographies Research Seminar Series, Department of Geography, University of Sheffield. 9 May 2017.
Duffy, Abstract from paper given at AAG 2017 conference, Boston, 5-9 April 2017.
Duffy, R. 2017. Presentation given at Trinity International Development Initiative (TIDI) at Trinity College, Dublin, on 17 February 2017
Duffy, R. Keynote British Animal Studies Network Conference, University of Sheffield. 18-19 November 2016.
Duffy, R., Royal United Services Institute/Global Initiative Against Transnational Organised Crime Roundtable on Militarisation of Poaching. 12 October 2015.
Reports
Reports, policy documents and consultancies
Duffy, R. Dickinson, H. Joanny, L. Massé, F. Margulies, J. Lappe-Osthege, T. Iordăchescu, G. Vu, N. 2020.
Duffy, R. Quoted in European Parliamentary Research Service briefing ‘Coronavirus and the wildlife trade’. May 2020.
BIOSEC team response to the 2016 EU Action Plan Against Wildlife Trafficking.
A briefing note for policy-makers and practitioners, published in September 2018
Duffy, R., 2016 (INTA DG Trade, Brussels, European Parliament).
Duffy, R. and J. Humphreys (2014). Mapping Donors: Key Areas for Tackling Illegal Wildlife Trade (Africa and Asia). Evidence on Demand Report HD151.
Duffy, R. R.H. Emslie and M.H. Knight (2013). Rhino poaching: How do we respond?. Report prepared for UK DfID, December 2013. Evidence on Demand Report HD087.
Duffy, R. and F.A.V. St. John (2013). Poverty, Poaching and Trafficking: What are the links?. Consultancy Report for DFID, June 2013. Evidence on Demand Report HD059.
Useful Resources
Information from other sources that can help us understand the illegal wildlife trade
Video from BirdLife Serbia, published 17 March 2017.
Adams, William M. 2017. ‘Geographies of conservation II: Technology, surveillance and conservation by algorithm.’ Progress in Human Geography, 1-14. 2017.
BirdLife International. 2016. ‘Preliminary assessment of the scope and scale of illegal killing and taking of birds in the Mediterranean.’ In Bird Conservation International, Vol. 26, pp. 1-28.
Nellemann, C., et al (eds) ‘The Rise of Environmental Crime – A Growing Threat To Natural Resources Peace, Development And Security’. UNEP- INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment, United Nations Environment Programme and RHIPTO Rapid Response–Norwegian Center for Global Analyses, 2016.
WILDLABS.NET. 2016. ‘How do wildife crime experts view Remote Sensing Technologies used to combat wildlife crime?’. Published 7.11.2016
McGuire, T. and C. Haenlein (2015). ‘An Illusion of Complicity: Terrorism and the Illegal Ivory Trade in East Africa’. RUSI Occasional Paper series. Sep 2015.
Roe, D. et al (2015). ‘Beyond Enforcement: Engaging Communities in Tackling Wildlife Crime’. IIED, London, Apr 2015.
BIO Intelligence Service. 2011. Stocktaking of the main problems and review of national enforcement mechanisms for tackling illegal killing, trapping and trade of birds in the EU. Final report prepared for European Commission (DG Environment). 30.12.2011.
Nellemann, C., et al (eds) (2014). ‘The Environmental Crime Crisis – Threats to Sustainable Development from Illegal Exploitation and Trade in Wildlife and Forest Resources’. UNEP Rapid Response Assessment, United Nations Environment Programme and GRID. Arendal, Nairobi and Arendal, 2014.